Latasha Harlins was fifteen years old when she was killed in a Los Angeles convenience store in 1991 after being accused of stealing orange juice. Security footage later showed she had money in her hand. Thirty-two years later, fourteen-year-old Cyrus Carmack-Belton was killed in South Carolina after being accused of stealing bottles of water. Investigators argued the accusation itself was unfounded. Although the cases occurred decades apart, they raise many of the same ques

Historians use the term “The Nadir” to describe the period after Reconstruction, roughly from 1877 to 1901, when Black political rights were systematically dismantled across the South through segregation laws, voter suppression, racial terror, and institutional backlash. Although emancipation and constitutional amendments had expanded Black citizenship formally, courts, lawmakers, and local governments weakened those protections over time while maintaining the appearance of l

Adam Clayton Powell Jr. was one of the most influential Black politicians in twentieth-century America, yet his role in shaping civil rights legislation and federal policy is often overlooked. Representing Harlem in Congress for nearly three decades, Powell helped advance legislation involving education, labor protections, healthcare, anti-poverty programs, and civil rights enforcement during segregation.

American history rarely moves in a straight line. Many of the country’s largest expansions of civil rights have been followed by organized backlash, legal restrictions, or institutional retreat. After the Civil War, Reconstruction expanded Black citizenship through constitutional amendments, voting rights, and federal enforcement. That progress was followed by Jim Crow, voter suppression, segregation, and organized racial violence.

The conversation around generational wealth often ignores how much Black wealth in America was violently disrupted or stolen. Black families lost land through racial violence, discriminatory laws, fraudulent contracts, unequal courts, predatory lending, and government policies that protected segregation and economic exclusion.

The Mississippi Sovereignty Commission was a state government agency created in 1956 to resist desegregation and monitor civil rights activism during the civil rights era. Following the Supreme Court’s Brown v. Board of Education decision, Mississippi officials established the commission under the stated goal of protecting the state’s sovereignty from federal intervention.

In 1917, 17 Black soldiers from the 24th Infantry Regiment were executed by the U.S. Army following events in Houston, Texas, known as the Camp Logan incident. The soldiers were stationed in a segregated city and faced ongoing harassment from police and civilians. After police assaulted a Black woman and arrested a soldier who intervened, rumors spread that he had been killed in custody. That night, a group of soldiers entered the city. Violence followed, resulting in 19 de