The National Negro Labor Council existed because Black workers recognized a contradiction that many labor institutions refused to confront. Labor rights that tolerated racial exclusion weren’t incomplete by accident. They were incomplete by design. Formed in 1951, the Council organized Black workers across industries who faced discrimination not only from employers, but from within unions that claimed to represent the working class. Segregated locals, blocked promotions, u

The story many Americans inherited about the Confederacy is tidy and also deeply misleading. It frames the Civil War as a tragic misunderstanding rooted in honor or regional pride, casting the Confederacy as a defender of a way of life rather than slavery.

The Confederacy was founded to preserve slavery. Secession documents stated it explicitly, speeches affirmed it, the Confederate constitution protected it, and leaders openly described slavery as the cornerstone of their government. These facts weren’t hidden or disputed at the time. What followed wasn’t confusion or forgetfulness, but deliberate replacement.