The National Negro Labor Council existed because Black workers recognized a contradiction that many labor institutions refused to confront. Labor rights that tolerated racial exclusion weren’t incomplete by accident. They were incomplete by design. Formed in 1951, the Council organized Black workers across industries who faced discrimination not only from employers, but from within unions that claimed to represent the working class. Segregated locals, blocked promotions, u

Fannie Lou Hamer didn’t ask for access to power. She exposed how power worked, who it protected, and what it required to challenge it. She became a leading organizer with the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee and later a central figure in the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party. The MFDP wasn’t symbolic opposition. It was a direct challenge to the legitimacy of Mississippi’s all-white Democratic delegation, which had been elected through voter suppression and terror.

A. Philip Randolph didn’t believe freedom could survive without economic power. He believed political rights without material security were fragile, easily withdrawn, and too often symbolic. That belief shaped everything he built. As the leader of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, Randolph organized Black workers who labored under some of the harshest conditions in American industry.

The phrase "Reconstruction failed" is often repeated as a simple historical fact. Yet, this statement reflects a political judgment rather than an accurate assessment of what Reconstruction accomplished. After the Civil War, the United States embarked on a bold experiment that challenged its own foundations. Reconstruction treated formerly enslaved people as citizens, expanded voting rights, and built public institutions. It forced the nation to confront whether democracy wou

The Justice Department has taken a direct swing at the Civil Rights Act and made no effort to hide its intention or its timing. Overnight, without public comment, it eliminated disparate impact analysis. That single move guts one of the most important tools we have to identify systemic discrimination when no one is reckless enough to admit it.

Bayard Rustin deserves recognition alongside the prominent figures of the Civil Rights Movement. As a master strategist, pacifist, and mentor to Martin Luther King Jr., Rustin was instrumental in organizing the 1963 March on Washington, which remains one of the most significant demonstrations in American history.

In 1962, one man's bravery changed the course of American education and civil rights. James Meredith, an African American U.S. Air Force veteran, made history as the first Black student to attend the University of Mississippi, known as Ole Miss.

For centuries, African Americans have been told they were free—on paper, in speeches, in legislation. But when you follow the timeline of our history in this country, it becomes clear: freedom for Black people has often been little more than a repackaged form of control.

The history of slave codes in the American colonies and southern states is a stark reminder of a painful past.

The legacy of Greenwood is full of both incredible achievements and heart-wrenching tragedies.

A key trend within the Republican Party is the centralization of authority.

The Wilmington Coup of 1898, often referred to as the Wilmington Massacre, stands as a crucial yet frequently overlooked event in history.

Drapetomania is a term that was coined in the 19th century by American physician Samuel A. Cartwright. He described it as a supposed...

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Let's dive into Part 3 of the 1619 Project. This book is quite extensive, so if you haven't already, I highly recommend reading Parts 1...

The 1619 project examines the link between slavery and modern capitalism.

I'm back for Part 2 of my recap of "The Autobiography of Malcolm X". If you haven't read Part 1, make sure to check it out! First up, we...

The first chapter of the 1619 Project delves into the arrival of the first enslaved Africans in America.